变压器已成为自然语言处理（NLP）字段中的De-Facto标准。他们也在计算机视觉和其他域中获得了势头。变形金刚可以使人工智能（AI）模型能够动态地关注其输入的某些部分，因此更有效地关注某些部分。灵感来自变形金刚的成功，我们采用了这种技术来预测在多个视野中的战略飞行偏离需求。这项工作是为了支持斜切式的移动应用程序，PAIR，将预测的偏离需求显示为通用航空（GA）飞行运营商，因此他们可以更好地了解繁忙时期离开延误潜力的意识。涉及Pacer以前设计的基于规则的预测方法的现场示范表明，离职需求的预测准确性仍然具有改进的空间。本研究致力于提高来自两个关键方面的预测精度：更好的数据源和鲁棒预测算法。我们利用了两个数据来源，航空系统性能指标（ASPM）和系统广播信息管理（游泳）作为我们的输入。然后，我们用时间融合变压器（TFT）接受了预测的预测模型，用于五个不同的机场。案例研究表明，TFT通过大幅度的传统预测方法可以更好地表现优于传统的预测方法，它们可以在各种机场和更好的解释性方面导致更好的预测。

受到自然语言处理（NLP）中深度学习（DL）的成功的启发，我们应用了尖端DL技术，以预测战略时间地平线（4小时或更长时间）的飞行偏离需求。这项工作是为了支持斜切式的移动应用程序，PAIR，将预测的偏离需求显示为通用航空（GA）飞行运营商，因此他们可以更好地了解繁忙时期离开延误潜力的意识。涉及Pacer以前设计的基于规则的预测方法的现场示范表明，离职需求的预测准确性仍然具有改进的空间。本研究致力于提高来自两个关键方面的预测精度：更好的数据源和鲁棒预测算法。我们利用了两个数据来源，航空系统性能指标（ASPM）和系统广播信息管理（游泳）作为我们的输入。然后，我们用DL序列技术培训了预测模型，以序列（SEQ2Seq）和SEQ2Seq的注意力。案例研究表明，我们的SEQ2Seq在测试的四种预测算法中具有最佳。此外，与经典的自回归（AR）预测方法相比，通过更好的数据源，SEQ2Seq的注意力可以减少超过60％的平均平方误差（MSE）超过60％。

Traditional approaches to RL have focused on learning decision policies directly from episodic decisions, while slowly and implicitly learning the semantics of compositional representations needed for generalization. While some approaches have been adopted to refine representations via auxiliary self-supervised losses while simultaneously learning decision policies, learning compositional representations from hand-designed and context-independent self-supervised losses (multi-view) still adapts relatively slowly to the real world, which contains many non-IID subspaces requiring rapid distribution shift in both time and spatial attention patterns at varying levels of abstraction. In contrast, supervised language model cascades have shown the flexibility to adapt to many diverse manifolds, and hints of self-learning needed for autonomous task transfer. However, to date, transfer methods for language models like few-shot learning and fine-tuning still require human supervision and transfer learning using self-learning methods has been underexplored. We propose a self-supervised loss policy called contrastive distillation which manifests latent variables with high mutual information with both source and target tasks from weights to tokens. We show how this outperforms common methods of transfer learning and suggests a useful design axis of trading off compute for generalizability for online transfer. Contrastive distillation is improved through sampling from memory and suggests a simple algorithm for more efficiently sampling negative examples for contrastive losses than random sampling.

Realistic synthetic image data rendered from 3D models can be used to augment image sets and train image classification semantic segmentation models. In this work, we explore how high quality physically-based rendering and domain randomization can efficiently create a large synthetic dataset based on production 3D CAD models of a real vehicle. We use this dataset to quantify the effectiveness of synthetic augmentation using U-net and Double-U-net models. We found that, for this domain, synthetic images were an effective technique for augmenting limited sets of real training data. We observed that models trained on purely synthetic images had a very low mean prediction IoU on real validation images. We also observed that adding even very small amounts of real images to a synthetic dataset greatly improved accuracy, and that models trained on datasets augmented with synthetic images were more accurate than those trained on real images alone. Finally, we found that in use cases that benefit from incremental training or model specialization, pretraining a base model on synthetic images provided a sizeable reduction in the training cost of transfer learning, allowing up to 90\% of the model training to be front-loaded.

Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and limited resolution of functional MRI data, and the high complexity of natural images, reconstructing a visual stimulus from human brain fMRI measurements is a challenging task. In this work, we propose a novel approach for this task, which we call Cortex2Image, to decode visual stimuli with high semantic fidelity and rich fine-grained detail. In particular, we train a surface-based convolutional network model that maps from brain response to semantic image features first (Cortex2Semantic). We then combine this model with a high-quality image generator (Instance-Conditioned GAN) to train another mapping from brain response to fine-grained image features using a variational approach (Cortex2Detail). Image reconstructions obtained by our proposed method achieve state-of-the-art semantic fidelity, while yielding good fine-grained similarity with the ground-truth stimulus. Our code is available at: https://github.com/zijin-gu/meshconv-decoding.git.

Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in Canada and the United States, representing over 25% of all new female cancer cases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment has recently risen in usage as it may result in a patient having a pathologic complete response (pCR), and it can shrink inoperable breast cancer tumors prior to surgery so that the tumor becomes operable, but it is difficult to predict a patient's pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of leveraging learnt volumetric deep features from a newly introduced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality called synthetic correlated diffusion imaging (CDI$^s$) for the purpose of pCR prediction. More specifically, we leverage a volumetric convolutional neural network to learn volumetric deep radiomic features from a pre-treatment cohort and construct a predictor based on the learnt features using the post-treatment response. As the first study to explore the utility of CDI$^s$ within a deep learning perspective for clinical decision support, we evaluated the proposed approach using the ACRIN-6698 study against those learnt using gold-standard imaging modalities, and found that the proposed approach can provide enhanced pCR prediction performance and thus may be a useful tool to aid oncologists in improving recommendation of treatment of patients. Subsequently, this approach to leverage volumetric deep radiomic features (which we name Cancer-Net BCa) can be further extended to other applications of CDI$^s$ in the cancer domain to further improve prediction performance.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

使用手动生成标签训练的卷积神经网络通常用于语义或实例分割。在精确的农业中，自动花探测方法使用监督模型和后处理技术，这些技术可能不会始终如一地表现为花朵的出现，并且数据采集条件有所不同。我们提出了一种自我监督的学习策略，以使用自动生成的伪标签来增强分割模型对不同花种物种的敏感性。我们采用数据增强和完善方法来提高模型预测的准确性。然后将增强的语义预测转换为全景伪标签，以迭代训练多任务模型。可以通过现有的后处理方法来完善自我监督的模型预测，以进一步提高其准确性。对多物种果树花数据集的评估表明，我们的方法的表现优于最先进的模型，而无需计算昂贵的后处理步骤，为花朵检测应用提供了新的基线。

公平被广泛认为是医疗保健道德的基础。在临床决策的背景下，它取决于智力的比较忠诚（基于证据或直观），指导每个患者的管理。尽管当代机器学习的个性化力量最近引起了人们的关注，但这种认知公平是在任何决策指导的背景下，无论是传统还是创新的。然而，目前没有一般的量化框架，更不用说保证了。在这里，我们根据模型的忠诚度来制定认知公平性，这些模型是对所学的多维表述评估的，这些身份的多维表示，旨在最大程度地提高人口的捕获多样性，从而引入了代表性道德模型校准的全面框架。我们证明了该框架在来自英国生物库的大规模多模式数据上的使用来得出人口的各种表示，量化模型绩效并提出了响应良好的补救。我们提供方法作为量化和确保医疗保健认知公平的原则解决方案，并在整个研究，临床和监管领域中进行了应用。

将信号与噪声分开的能力以及干净的抽象对智能至关重要。有了这种能力，人类可以在不考虑所有可能的滋扰因素的情况下有效执行现实世界任务。人造代理可以做同样的事情？当噪音时，代理可以安全地丢弃什么样的信息？在这项工作中，我们根据可控性和与奖励的关系将野外信息分为四种类型，并将有用的信息归为可控和奖励相关的有用信息。该框架阐明了有关强化学习（RL）中的各种先前工作所删除的信息，并导致我们提出的学习方法，即学习一种已明确影响某些噪声分散注意器的DeNOCONE MDP。对DeepMind Control Suite和Robodesk的变体进行的广泛实验表明，我们的DeNocy World模型的表现优于仅使用原始观测值，并且超过了先前的工作，跨政策优化控制任务以及关节位置回归的非控制任务。